Analyzing Linear and Angular Deviations After Guided Surgery for Dental Implant Placement: A Preliminary Study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the accuracy and precision of prosthetically-driven implant placement achieved through static computer-aided implant surgery. The primary objective was to analyze the linear and angular deviations of dental implants in patients treated at a university dental clinic. Various types of surgical techniques and templates were utilized to optimize implant positioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of fiftythree dental implants were included in this study. The implants were positioned using either tooth-supported templates or tooth-tissue-supported templates with fixation pins. Two distinct guided surgery approaches were used, these being pilot drill guided and fully guided. Three-dimensional (3D) data from the implant planning phase was superimposed with the 3D data from the final implant positions using the 'Treatment Evaluation' tool within CoDiagnostix. implant planning software (Straumann AG). This enabled the automatic calculation of deviations in implant placement accuracy. RESULTS: Average angular deviation observed was 3.90 degrees. For linear deviations, the mean 3D deviation at the most coronal point of the implants was 1.04 mm, while at the implant apex it was 1.56 mm. CONCLUSION: This research demonstrates the feasibility of a digital workflow for guided implant surgery, offering a promising treatment option. Nonetheless, it is important to note that deviations do occur, with the apical region of the implant being the most affected area. Care should be taken, particularly in cases of limited bone availability.

Influence of Implant Scanbody Material and Intraoral Scanner on the Accuracy of Complete-Arch Digital Implant Impressions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of complete-arch digital implant impressions using different intraoral scan body (ISB) materials and intraoral scanners (IOSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mandibular dental cast of an edentulous patient with six tissue-level dental implants was used as master cast. Two types of ISBs, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and plasma-coated medical titanium, were used with five IOSs: TRIOS 4 (T4), Virtuo Vivo (VV), Medit i700 (Mi700), iTero5D (i5D), and Primescan (PS). To assess accuracy, digital impressions (n=10) with each IOS and ISB were compared to two reference models obtained by digitizing the master cast with each ISB type using a desktop scanner (IScan4D LS3i) and importing the scan data into metrology software (Geomagic Control X). Root-mean-square (RMS) error was employed to evaluate overall deviation values (trueness), while precision was determined using the standard deviation (SD) of RMS values. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used, followed by the pairwise comparison method with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS: An interaction between ISB material and IOS was found (P=0.001). Plasma-coated medical titanium ISBs demonstrated significantly higher trueness and precision compared to PEEK ISBs with T4 (P=0.001), Mi700 (P=0.001; P=0.004), and i5D (P=0.001). Conversely, VV exhibited higher trueness and precision values with PEEK ISBs (P=0.005; P=0.003). PS provided the highest trueness and precision regardless of the ISB material (P=0.912). T4 showed the lowest accuracy for PEEK ISBs, and VV for plasma-coated medical titanium ISBs. CONCLUSION: Except for PS, all IOSs showed significant differences between ISB materials. PS demonstrated the highest accuracy with both ISB materials, whereas T4 had the lowest accuracy for PEEK ISBs, and VV showed the lowest accuracy for plasma-coated medical titanium ISBs.

Effect of splinting scan bodies on the trueness of complete-arch digital implant scans with 5 different intraoral scanners.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The absence of fixed reference points can affect the trueness of complete-arch intraoral digital implant scans. The effect of splinting intraoral scan bodies (ISBs) or the inclusion of artificial landmarks (AL) on the trueness of complete-arch digital implant scans is still unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of splinting ISBs or the inclusion of AL on the trueness of complete-arch digital implant scans with 5 intraoral scanners (IOSs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six tissue-level dental implants (Straumann Tissue Level) were placed in an edentulous patient, and the correspondent definitive cast was digitized with a desktop scanner (IScan4D LS3i) to obtain the reference digital cast. Digital scans (n=10) were performed with 5 IOSs: TRIOS 4, Virtuo Vivo, Medit i700, iTero Element 5D, and Cerec Primescan. Three different scanning techniques were evaluated: conventional (cIOSs), splinted (sIOSs), and AL (AL-IOSs). The scan data obtained were imported into a metrology software program and superimposed to the reference digital cast by using a best-fit algorithm. The overall deviations of the positions of the ISBs were evaluated by using the root-mean-square (RMS) error (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean ±standard deviation trueness values for the cIOSs, sIOSs, and AL-IOSs groups were 48 ±8 µm, 53 ±7 µm, and 49 ±11 µm, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P=.06). Significant differences were found for the IOSs used with each technique (P<.001). Primescan (27 ±4 µm cIOSs; 28 ±3 µm sIOSs; 31 ±3 µm AL-IOSs) showed significantly higher trueness than iTero 5D (47 ±5 µm cIOSs; 47 ±4 µm sIOSs; 50 ±6 µm AL-IOSs) (P=.002) and TRIOS 4 (93 ±18 µm cIOSs; 76 ±18 µm sIOSs; 107 ±13 µm AL-IOSs) (P=.001) for all techniques. In addition, no significant differences were found between the techniques by using iTero 5D or Primescan (P=.348 and P=.059, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The cIOSs, sIOSs, and AL-IOSs techniques showed similar trueness. The IOS used influenced the trueness of complete-arch digital implant scans.

The effect of the interproximal creeping attachment in aesthetic site after root coverage surgery with VISTA technique - A case report.

Gingival recession is a common manifestation in most populations. The mechanism by which gingival recession occurs is not well understood, but it seems to be complex and multifactorial. The main etiological factors are the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm with the resulting inflammatory periodontal diseases and mechanical trauma due to faulty oral hygiene techniques, especially in thin biotypes. This case report describes the treatment of a vestibular recession associated with interdental bone loss, with the VISTA technique associated with a connective tissue graft. The case was evaluated at 3, 9 months and 48 months after the surgery clinically complete root coverage and increased thickness of keratinized tissue were achieved, and the interdental papilla was augmented improving the soft tissue quality for future orthodontic treatment. VISTA technique associated with a connective tissue graft to reconstruct vertically papilla is a promising alternative for minimally invasive treatment and stable after 4 years.

Dentists' perceptions and usability testing of the implant disease risk assessment IDRA, a tool for preventing peri­implant disease: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: we aimed to explore dentists' perceptions toward the implementation of a dental informatics risk assessment tool which estimates the risk for a patient to develop peri­implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the Implant Disease Risk Assessment Tool (IDRA) was presented to a convenience sample of seven dentists working in a university clinic, whom were asked to use IDRA with the information of three clinical cases whilst thinking aloud and then fill the System Usability Scale (SUS). A semi-structured interview technique was used with audio record to allow free expression of participants' perceptions related to the IDRA. The interviews information was categorized and analyzed by the authors. RESULTS: to our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to develop a qualitative usability test of IDRA, evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, and users' satisfaction. There were more variations in responses the greater the degree of complexity of the clinical case. Generally, the participants classified the tool as good, getting usability values of 77,2 (SD 19,8) and learnability 73,2 (SD 24,5). CONCLUSION: four additional factors should be considered to improve IDRA tool: 1) considering the relation between contour angle and peri-implant tissue height; 2) automatic periodontal classification in the IDRA tool after completing the periodontogram in the clinical software; 3) presentation of a flowchart to assist therapeutic decisions alongside the final score defined by the IDRA tool; 4) integrating of precision tests such as Implantsafe® DR… (dentognostics gmbh, Jena) and Oralyzer®(dentognostics gmbh, Jena). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: etiology and pathogenesis of peri­implant diseases is multifactorial. These tools must follow a natural integration to be easily applied in a clinical setting. It is important to study their usability from the clinicians' point of view, evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, and users' satisfaction.

Peri-implant diseases diagnosis, prognosis and dental implant monitoring: a narrative review of novel strategies and clinical impact.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of peri-implantar and periodontal relies mainly on a set of clinical measures and the evaluation of radiographic images. However, these clinical settings alone are not sufficient to determine, much less predict, periimplant bone loss or future implant failure. Early diagnosis of periimplant diseases and its rate of progress may be possible through biomarkers assessment. Once identified, biomarkers of peri-implant and periodontal tissue destruction may alert the clinicians before clinical signs show up. Therefore, it is important to consider developing chair-side diagnostic tests with specificity for a particular biomarker, indicating the current activity of the disease. METHODS: A search strategy was created at Pubmed and Web of Science to answer the question: "How the molecular point-of-care tests currently available can help in the early detection of peri-implant diseases and throws light on improvements in point of care diagnostics devices?" RESULTS: The PerioSafe® PRO DRS (dentognostics GmbH, Jena) and ImplantSafe® DR (dentognostics GmbH, Jena ORALyzer® test kits, already used clinically, can be a helpful adjunct tool in enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of periodontal/peri-implantar diseases. With the advances of sensor technology, the biosensors can perform daily monitoring of dental implants or periodontal diseases, making contributions to personal healthcare and improve the current status quo of health management and human health. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, more emphasis is given to the role of biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring periodontal and peri-implant diseases. By combining these strategies with traditional protocols, professionals could increase the accuracy of early detection of peri-implant and periodontal diseases, predicting disease progression, and monitoring of treatment outcomes.

Use of bioinformatic strategies as a predictive tool in implant-supported oral rehabilitation: A scoping review.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The use of bioinformatic strategies is growing in dental implant protocols. The current expansion of Omics sciences and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in implant dentistry applications have not been documented and analyzed as a predictive tool for the success of dental implants. PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to analyze how artificial intelligence algorithms and Omics technologies are being applied in the field of oral implantology as a predictive tool for dental implant success. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was followed. A search strategy was created at PubMed and Web of Science to answer the question "How is bioinformatics being applied in the area of oral implantology as a predictive tool for implant success?" RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included in this review. Only 3 applied bioinformatic models combining AI algorithms and Omics technologies. These studies highlighted 2 key points for the creation of precision medicine: deep population phenotyping and the integration of Omics sciences in clinical protocols. Most of the studies identified applied AI only in the identification and classification of implant systems, quantification of peri-implant bone loss, and 3-dimensional bone analysis, planning implant placement. CONCLUSIONS: The conventional criteria currently used as a technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of dental implants are insufficient and have low accuracy. Models that apply AI algorithms combined with precision methodologies-biomarkers-are extremely useful in the creation of precision medicine, allowing medical dentists to forecast the success of the implant. Tools that integrate the different types of data, including imaging, molecular, risk factor, and implant characteristics, are needed to make a more accurate and personalized prediction of implant success.

Morphology of interommatidial sensilla of Discocephalini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae).

Interommatidial sensilla have been explored for their taxonomic value and other aspects in Diptera and Lepidoptera. In Heteroptera, Eurystethus is the only genus where these structures were examined in delimiting subgenera and species. This study investigates the presence, distribution, and morphology of interommatidial sensilla in Discocephalinae species and discusses the sensilla's value for cladistic and taxonomic appraisals. Twenty species of 18 genera were analyzed: 16 Discocephalini genera, one genus in Ochlerini, and one genus in Edessinae. Species' heads were observed from photographs taken with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From these images, we identified eleven types of sensilla, classified into chaetica, trichoidea and coeloconica. In LM, only sensilla chaetica with a length of 40-100 µm were visible, present in six species. Under the SEM at least one type of sensillum was visible in 19 of the 20 species analyzed. No difference between the various kinds of sensilla were apparent between males and females or adults and nymphs of a given species. Both subgenera of Eurysthetus have the same type of sensillum (chaeticum type I), which suggests this is not a delimiting feature. We conclude that sensilla chaetica can be a valuable character to delimit groups of genera within Discocephalini.

Mechanical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate as Denture Base Material: Heat-Polymerized vs. 3D-Printed-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies.

The synergy between dentistry and informatics has allowed the emergence of new technologies, specifically 3D printing, which has led to the development of new materials. The aim of this research was to compare the mechanical properties of dental base resins for 3D printing with conventional ones. This systematic review was developed using the PRISMA guidelines, and the electronic literature search was performed with the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, until 30 April 2022. Two researchers selected the studies independently, and thus eight articles were found eligible for analysis. A meta-analysis was developed to estimate flexural strength. The Cohen's kappa corresponding to this review was 1.00, and the risk assessment was considered low for the included studies. The 3D printing resin presented lower values of flexural strength and hardness compared with the heat-cured resin. Regarding impact strength, a lower value was recorded for the heat-cured resin compared with the 3D printing resin. Three-dimensional printing resins are viable materials for making prosthetic bases but need further clinical research.

Superhydrophilic Nanotextured Surfaces for Dental Implants: Influence of Early Saliva Contamination and Wet Storage.

Hydrophilic and nanotextured surfaces for dental implants have been reported as relevant properties for early osseointegration. However, these surface characteristics are quite sensitive to oral interactions. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the superficial alterations caused on hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces after early human saliva interaction. Titanium disks were treated using an anodization protocol followed by reactive plasma application in order to achieve nanotopography and hydrophilicity, additionally; surfaces were stored in normal atmospheric oxygen or wet conditioning. Following, samples were interacted with saliva for 10 min and analyzed regarding physical-chemical properties and cellular viability. Saliva interaction did not show any significant influence on morphological characteristics, roughness measurements and chemical composition; however, hydrophilicity was statistically altered compromising this feature when the samples were stored in common air. Cellular viability tested with pre-osteoblasts cell line (MC3T3-E1) reduced significantly at 48 h on the samples without wet storage after saliva contamination. The applied wet-storage methodology appears to be effective in maintaining properties such as hydrophilicity during saliva interaction. In conclusion, saliva contamination might impair important properties of hydrophilic nanotubular surfaces when not stored in wet conditions, suggesting the need of saliva-controlled sites for oral application of hydrophilic surfaces and/or the use of modified-package methods associated with their wet storage.

Investigation of the Effect of the Same Polishing Protocol on the Surface Roughness of Denture Base Acrylic Resins.

This investigation aims to determine the effect of the same polishing protocol on the surface roughness (Ra) of different resins obtained by different processing techniques. Acrylic resins obtained by CAD/CAM technology overcame the disadvantages identified in conventional materials. A total of thirty samples (six of each resin): self-cured, heat-polymerized, injection molded, CAD/CAM 3D-printed and CAD/CAM milled were prepared. JOTA® Kit 1877 DENTUR POLISH was used to polish the samples by two techniques: manual and mechanized, with a prototype for guided polishing exclusively developed for this investigation. The Ra was measured by a profilometer. The values were analyzed using ANOVA, Games−Howell post-hoc test and One-sample t-test, with p < 0.05. Manual polishing produces lower values of Ra compared to mechanized polishing, except for injected molded resins (p = 0.713). Manual polishing reveals significant differences between the resin pairs milling/3D-printing (p = 0.012) and thermopolymerizable/milling (p = 0.024). In the mechanized technique only, significant differences regarding the Ra values were found between the self-cured/3D-printed (p = 0.004) and self-cured/thermopolymerizable pair resins (p = 0.004). Differences in surface roughness values can be attributed to the inherent characteristics of the resin and the respective processing techniques.

A 3D Digital Analysis of the Hard Palate Wound Healing after Free Gingival Graft Harvest: A Pilot Study in the Short Term.

Purpose: Within this context, this pilot study aimed to evaluate the healing dynamics process of the hard palate after free gingival graft harvesting in the short term (3 months), utilizing digital imaging technology and tridimensional analysis software. Furthermore, assessing the results found to verify the existence of a relationship between gender or age with tissue loss. Materials and Methods: For connective-tissue harvesting, fifteen patients with gingival recessions type (RT) 1 and RT2 were selected. On the surgery day (before the procedure) and after three months, palatal impressions were taken in all patients, and cast models were done for posterior model scanning. The following variables were analyzed: mean thickness alterations (x¯ TA), maximum thickness loss (MTL), mean maximum thickness loss (x¯ MTL), and volume alterations (VA). A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the data was done. The data were submitted for statistical evaluation and were significant if p < 0.05. Results: Fifteen patients were analyzed, 11 females (73.3%) and four males (26.7%). The patients' average age was 28 ± 8.52 years (ranging between 16 and 48 years old). The palatal wound region's mean thickness and volume changes were −0.26 mm (±0.31) and 46.99 mm3 (±47.47 mm3) at three months. There was no statistically significant result correlating age/gender with any variable evaluated. Conclusions: Connective tissue graft harvesting promoted changes with a standard volume and thickness loss of palatal soft tissue. A 3D digital evaluation was a non-invasive method with a reproducible technique for measuring thickness or volume after connective tissue is collected. There was no relationship between age/gender and any variables analyzed.

Serum and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Are Not Associated With Serum Redox Parameters in Amateur Athletes After an Ultramarathon.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and NGAL levels in blood and urine of amateur athletes after participating in a 100 km ultramarathon. Methodology: The sample was composed of seven athletes, submitted to anthropometric assessment, cardiopulmonary exercise test, collection of urine and blood, measurement of body weight. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), competition duration, heart rate (HR), energy expenditure and oxygen consumption (V'O2") were also measured during the event. The energy consumption during the race was verified at its end. The analyses were based on the means (M) and respective standard deviations (SD), with statistical significance set at 5% (p < 0.05). Paired t-test was used for comparison between the periods before and after the competition, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between quantitative variables. Results: Body mass index (BMI) of the sample was 25.75 kg/m2 ± 3.20, body fat percentage 18.54% ± 4.35% and V'O2"max 48.87% ± 4.78. Glucose, cortisol, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) (p < 0.01) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) active were higher after the race when compared to basal values. Moreover, lactate, creatinine, microalbuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.001) were also higher after the race. After the competition, there was a significant correlation only between serum NGAL and creatinine, which was classified as strong and positive (r: 0.77; p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of body weight after the event (72.40 kg ± 9.78) compared to before it (73.98 kg ± 10.25). In addition, we found an increase of RPE (p < 0.001) after the race. The competition lasted 820.60 min (±117.00), with a 127.85 bpm (±12.02) HR, a 2209.72 kcal ± 951.97 energy consumption, 7837.16 kcal ± 195.71 energy expenditure, and 28.78 ml/kg/min-1 (±4.66) relative V'O2"max. Conclusion: The lack of correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and serum and urine NGAL suggests that NGAL is more sensitive to inflammatory processes than to ROS levels.

Atividade das Unidades de Saúde Familiares da Área Metropolitana do Porto no Facebook em ano de COVID-19 / Activity on Facebook pages of Family Health Units of the Porto Metropolitan Area in a COVID-19 yea / Actividad de las Unidades de Salud Familiar de Área Metropolitana de Oporto en Facebook en año de COVID-19

Introdução: As redes sociais têm possibilitado, nos últimos anos, novas formas de interação entre pessoas e entidades e a partilha escalável de conteúdos de diversas áreas, embora nem sempre de forma criteriosa. Objetivos: Caracterizar a presença de páginas das Unidades de Saúde Familiar da Área Metropolitana do Porto (Portugal) na plataforma Facebook à data de dezembro de 2020, suas métricas de idade, seguidores, publicações e interações num dado intervalo de tempo e sua distribuição por modelo organizacional (Unidades de Saúde Familiar­A/B) e Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde; verificar a tendência de criação de páginas em 2020 ­ ano de pandemia por COVID-19 ­ e aferir as temáticas abordadas pelas 50 publicações dos últimos 60 dias que obtiveram mais interações. Métodos: Estudo exploratório transversal, descritivo e analítico, com verificação individual das páginas das Unidades de Saúde Familiar da Área Metropolitana do Porto a 30 de dezembro de 2020 e obtenção de métricas relativas a um intervalo de 60 dias de atividade por meio da página Fanpage Karma. Foram calculadas frequências, intervalos, médias e medianas e aplicados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. Resultados: Das 135 Unidades de Saúde Familiar funcionantes (64% Unidades de Saúde Familiar­B), 53% tinham página ativa (61% Unidades de Saúde Familiar­B, p<0,05), variando entre 0 e 81,3% das Unidades de Saúde Familiar em cada Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde, criadas nos últimos dez anos (mediana 4,6 anos, Unidades de Saúde Familiar­A 1,5 versus Unidades de Saúde Familiar­B 5,3, p<0,05), com crescimento de 44% no ano de 2020. O número de seguidores distribui-se heterogeneamente entre diferentes Unidades de Saúde Familiar e Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde, contudo sem diferenças entre modelos de Unidades de Saúde Familiar, não ultrapassando o milhar em 69% das páginas, e com apenas cinco páginas alcançando mais de 2 mil seguidores. Das páginas ativas, 75% (54/72) publicaram em média 0,3 vez por dia nos últimos 60 dias. Não se verificam associações significativas entre o número de seguidores ou entre modelos Unidades de Saúde Familiar­A/B e o tempo da última publicação ou o número de publicações a 60 dias. Durante esse tempo, foram geradas 15.913 interações (média de 18,8 por publicação). Analisadas as 50 publicações com mais interações dos últimos 60 dias, verifica-se o predomínio de temas relacionados com a COVID-19 e com questões organizacionais e burocráticas, efemérides relativas às Unidades de Saúde Familiar e informação/promoção da vacina contra a COVID-19. Discussão: Admite-se haver aplicação reduzida pelas Unidades de Saúde Familiar (embora crescente em ano de pandemia) do potencial comunicacional e colaborativo das redes sociais. Havendo margem de progressão, estas podem constituir uma ferramenta complementar e interativa para a promoção do acesso e a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços, o combate à desinformação, a capacitação para a saúde dos cidadãos e a melhoria de resultados em saúde.

Introduction: Lately, social networks have been enabling new forms of interaction between people and institutions and the scalable sharing of contents from different areas, although not always reliable. Objective: To characterize the presence of Facebook pages of Family Health Units (FHU) of the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal) as of December 2020, its metrics of age, followers, publications, and interactions in a given time interval, and its distribution by organizational model (Family Health Units A and B) and Health Center Group; to verify the trend of creating pages in 2020 (first year of the COVID-19 pandemic); and to assess the topics addressed by the 50 publications of the last 60 days with which people interacted the most. Methods: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study in which Facebook pages of Family Health Units of the Porto Metropolitan Area were individually assessed on December 30, 2020 and respective metrics for an interval of 60 days of activity were obtained from the Fanpage Karma platform. Frequencies, intervals, means, and medians were estimated and parametric and nonparametric tests were applied. Results: Of the 135 operating Family Health Units (FHU­B: 64%), 53% had an active page (FHU­B: 61%, p<0.05), ranging between 0 and 81.3% of the Family Health Units in each Health Center Group, created in the last ten years (median 4.6 years, FHU­A 1.5 versus FHU­B 5.3, p<0.05), increasing 44% in 2020. The number of followers is heterogeneously distributed among different Family Health Units and Health Center Groups, although without differences between Family Health Units models, not exceeding 1,000 in 69% of pages and only five pages reaching more than 2,000 followers. Of the active pages, 75% (54/72) posted an average of 0.3 times a day for the last 60 days. There are no significant associations between number of followers or between FHU A and B models and time of the last publication or number of publications at 60 days. During that time, 15,913 interactions were generated (average of 18.8 per publication). When analyzing the 50 publications with most interactions in the last 60 days, there is a predominance of topics related to COVID-19, organizational and bureaucratic issues, remarkable events related to the Family Health Units, and COVID-19 vaccine promotion/information. Conclusions: It was verified that Family Health Units have not been sufficiently exploring the communicative and collaborative potential of social networks (although it has increased in a pandemic year). With room for advancement, social networks can constitute a complementary and interactive tool for promoting access to and improving the quality of services, combating misinformation, empowering citizens for health, and improving health outcomes.

Introducción: Las redes sociales han permitido nuevas formas de interacción interpersonal y el intercambio escalable de contenidos de diferentes áreas, aunque no siempre sea confiable. Objetivo: caracterizar la presencia en Facebook de páginas de Unidades de Salud Familiar en el Área Metropolitana de Oporto (Portugal) a diciembre de 2020, sus métricas (edad de página, seguidores, publicaciones y interacciones) en un tiempo determinado y su distribución por modelo organizacional (Unidades de Salud Familiar­A/B) y por Agrupamiento de Centros de Salud; verificar la tendencia de creación de páginas en 2020 - año de la pandemia por COVID-19 - y evaluar los temas abordados por las 50 publicaciones de los últimos 60 días que tuvieron más interacciones. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio transversal, descriptivo y analítico de datos de las páginas de Facebook de Unidades de Salud Familiar y métricas respectivas para un periodo de 60 días de actividad, obtenidos de la plataforma Fanpage Karma. Resultados: De 135 Unidades de Salud Familiar en funcionamiento (64% Unidades de Salud Familiar­B), el 53% tenía una página activa (61% Unidades de Salud Familiar­B, p<0.05), variando entre 0 y 81,3% del Unidades de Salud Familiar en cada Agrupamiento de Centros de Salud, creado en los últimos 10 años (mediana 4,6 años, Unidades de Salud Familiar­A 1.5 versus Unidades de Salud Familiar­B 5,3, p<0,05), creciendo un 44% en 2020. El número de seguidores se distribuye de manera heterogénea entre diferentes Unidades de Salud Familiar y Agrupamiento de Centros de Salud, sin embargo sin diferencias entre Unidades de Salud Familiar­A y Unidades de Salud Familiar­B, no superando el millar en el 69% de las páginas, y con solo cinco páginas alcanzando más de 2000 seguidores. El 75% de las páginas activas (54/72) publicó una media de 0,3 veces al día durante los últimos 60 días. No existen asociaciones significativas entre el número de seguidores o entre los modelos Unidades de Salud Familiar­A/B y el momento de la última publicación o el número de publicaciones a 60 días. Durante ese tiempo, se generaron 15913 interacciones (promedio de 18,8 por publicación). Analizando las 50 publicaciones con más interacciones, se observa un predominio de temas relacionados con el COVID-19, cuestiones organizativas y burocráticas, efemérides relacionadas con la Unidades de Salud Familiar e promoción de la vacuna contra el COVID-19. Conclusiones: Se admite que las Unidades de Salud Familiar no vengan explorando lo suficiente el potencial comunicativo y colaborativo de las redes sociales, aunque han mejorado en año de pandemia. Habiendo capacidad para mejorar, ellas pueden constituir una herramienta complementaria e interactiva para promover el acceso y mejorar la calidad de los servicios, combatir la desinformación, formar para la salud de los ciudadanos y mejorar los resultados en salud.

Dietary Advice in Hemodialysis Patients: Impact of a Telehealth Approach During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a telehealth-delivered nutritional intervention via telephone in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients during the coronavirus outbreak. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational, prospective, and longitudinal study of 156 patients undergoing maintenance HD from 15 dialysis units conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assigned patients to receive dietary counseling through a phone call, according to their biochemical and nutritional parameters. Dry weight, intradialytic weight gain percentage (%IDWG), body mass index, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, calcium/phosphorus product, normalized protein catabolic rate, albumin, and hemoglobin were recorded at baseline and 1 month after nutrition counseling. RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia decreased significantly after dietary advice. A statistically significant reduction in serum potassium and phosphorus levels was observed in patients receiving counseling for hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of hypophosphatemia. We also observed a significant decrease in %IDWG, although no statistically significant differences were detected in patients with high %IDWG. The data demonstrated statistically significant differences in potassium and phosphorus values when the person receiving the phone contact was the patient or the caregiver. The main statistically significant differences in hypophosphatemia %IDWG were only observed when contact was made directly with the patient. No differences were observed when the contact was made through nursing homes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that telehealth-delivered dietary interventions can improve the clinical and nutritional parameters of HD patients. Consequently, this strategy may be effective for promoting continuous nutritional monitoring in these patients, in particular when conducting a face-to-face option is not crucial.

Clinical performance of monolithic CAD/CAM tooth-supported zirconia restorations: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the survival rate, biological complications, technical complications, and clinical behavior of single crowns supported by teeth made up in monolithic zirconia with CAD/CAM technology. STUDY SELECTION: An extensive electronic search was conducted through Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Additional manual search was performed on the references of included articles to identify relevant publications. Two reviewers independently performed the selection and electronic and manual search. RESULTS: From nine articles included, there was a total of 594 participants and 1657 single-tooth restorations with a mean exposure time of 1.07 years, and follow-up period between 0.3 and 2.1 years. All studies showed a moderate level of quality, with a consequent moderate possibility of associated bias, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), with survival rate (SR) ranging between 91% to 100%. Bleeding on probing (BOP) were reported with an average value of 29.12%. Marginal integrity showed high success rate values for the observation periods, except for one that included patients with bruxism which obtained a SR of 31.60%. Failures and/or fractures, mostly total and requiring replacement, were observed in three studies. Linear regression showed that there was no statistical correlation between survival rate and type of cementation and the average years of follow-up (p=0.730 e p=0.454). There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 93.74% and Q = 79.672). CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, monolithic zirconia might be considered as a possible option for restoring single crowns, especially in the posterior zone.

Influence of saliva interaction on surface properties manufactured for rapid osseointegration in dental implants.

Surface treatments are designed to promote modified implant surfaces with positive interactions with the surrounding living tissues. However, the inadvertent early contact of these surfaces with oral fluids during surgery may lead to undesired conditions affecting osseointegration. This study aimed to investigate the possible alterations in the physico-chemical properties of modified-surfaces caused by early saliva exposure. Titanium (Ti) surfaces were exposed to three different samples of human saliva and later analyzed for protein adhesion, physico-chemical surface alterations, and osteogenic cell-viability. The results indicated that surface roughness was the most significant factor influencing saliva protein adsorption; moreover, hydrophilic surfaces had critically lost their characteristics after contact with saliva. Decreased cell viability was observed in cultures after contact with saliva. Early contact with saliva might negatively influence modified surface properties and local cell viability. Careful surgical insertion of implants with hydrophilic surfaces is recommended, particularly in sites where saliva interaction is prone to occur.

A within-subject comparison of short implants in the posterior region: retrospective study of up to 10 years.

PURPOSE: This intra-patient retrospective study of up to 10 years evaluated the clinical success and risk factors of 6- and 8-mm long implants and their respective prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of patients treated at a Military Polyclinic dental service, who received both 6- and 8-mm long tissue level implants in the posterior region of the same arch. Data were collected from the dental charts, clinical and radiographic exams, self-report of sleep bruxism, measurement of maximum occlusal force, and clinical crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics with univariate and hierarchical multivariate models, at the 0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The 30 patients (27 women) had 85 implants and 83 prostheses. Two implants were lost before prosthesis installation (implant survival: 97.6%). Ten events of prosthetic complication (screw tightening loss) occurred in five patients (success rate: 87.9%) in a single moment. Only the variable C/I ratio had a significant effect for repairable prosthesis complication (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that 6- and 8-mm long implants have similar long-term clinical success for implants and prostheses.

Biocompatibility and Effectiveness of a Novel, Organic Olive Oil-Based Denture Adhesive: A Multicenter Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

To assess the clinical efficacy of a novel, organic olive oil-based denture adhesive and its effect on Candida albicans growth in maxillary edentulous individuals wearing complete dentures, individuals were selected from two dental schools in Portugal and Spain. Twenty-eight complete dentures were relined, following a standardized protocol. The novel product (test) was compared with a commercialized adhesive (control) and Vaseline (placebo) randomly assigned in a cross-study design. The retention resistance was measured with a gnathometer and a dynamometer. The patients related outcome evaluations with a five-point questionnaire, and the Candida albicans growth in a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used to evaluate differences between the placebo and experimental product. Twenty-three participants were included. The dynamometer evaluation showed significant differences between not using a denture adhesive and using either (experimental, p = 0.03; control, p = 0.04) and no significant differences between the two adhesives (p > 0.05). In the subjective analysis, the experimental adhesive showed a significantly longer effectiveness (p = 0.001), and the control reported better results in taste (p = 0.03) and in chewing (p = 0.001). The test adhesive showed better (p < 0.001) Candida albicans growth inhibition. The experimental adhesive showed longer effectiveness than the control and the placebo with a better inhibition capacity for the growth of Candida albicans. Patients reported better abilities for speech, chewing, taste, and retirement in the control adhesive.

Three new species of emEurystethus/em from Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

The Heteroptera (true bugs) and its fourth-largest family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) are worldwide distributed groups with higher diversity in the tropics. The pentatomid subfamily Discocephalinae is almost restricted to the Neotropical Region, and it is divided into the tribes Discocephalini and Ochlerini. Eurystethus Mayr, 1864 is placed within Discocephalini and comprises 18 species, 16 out of them classified into two subgenera. Here we describe Eurystethus jo sp. nov., Eurystethus multipunctatus sp. nov., and Eurystethus rufodorsatus sp. nov., all occurring in Brazil, compare them to other species and provide a distribution map.